linux is the best

Instalasi LAMP (Linux Apache MySQL PHP)

2008-06-03T03:19:00.000-07:00

Instalasi LAMP, apalagi install dari source, adalah pengalaman yang baru. Betapa tidak, untuk menginstallnya saja, saya perlu bolak-balik baca manual (karena banyak dependensi). Berbeda dengan instalasi menggunakan RPM, jika kita menginstall langsung dari paket source, maka kenikmatan yang kita peroleh adalah kita bisa melakukan kustomisasi sesuai yang kita butuhkan.

Instalasi http server di linux :
1. Ektrak paket

# tar -xvzf /windows/punyarito/rito/buat\ di\ bakup/lamp/httpd-2.0.54.tar.gz

2. Masuk ke direktory http

# cd httpd-2.0.54/

3. Makukan kompilasi sesuai keinginan

# ./configure –enable-usertrack –prefix=/server/httpd –sysconfdir=/etc/httpd/ –bindir=/usr/bin/ –sbindir=/usr/sbin/ –enable-cache –enable-dav –enable-http –enable-vhost-alias –enable-speling –enable-so –enable-info –enable-suexec –enable-static-rotatelogs –enable-static-htpasswd –with-ssl=/usr/ –enable-ssl –enable-case-filter –enable-mem-cache –enable-mime-magic –enable-case-filter-in –enable-logio –enable-cern-meta –enable-headers –enable-expires –enable-proxy –enable-proxy-connect –enable-proxy-ftp –enable-proxy-http

# make

# make install

5. Jalankan httpd service

# /etc/init.d/httpd start

Memulai httpd:httpd: Could not determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName [ OK ]

6. Cek service httpd udah jalan ato belum

# netstat -plnat | grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2336/httpd

7. Server httpd telah terinstal sempurna
===========================================================================

Instalasi mysql server

1. Extrak paket

# tar -xvzf /windows/punyarito/rito/buat\ di\ bakup/lamp/mysql-max-4.1.11-pc-linux-gnu-i686.tar.gz

2. Kemudian pindahkan file hasil ektraksi ke direktory yang telah ditentukan

# mv mysql-max-4.1.11-pc-linux-gnu-i686 /server/mysql

3. Buat user dan grup nya dulu

# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql -d /server/mysql/ mysql

4. Jalankan script instalasi

# scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql

5. Ubah hak akses nya

# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql data/
# chgrp -R mysql .

6. Copy daemon dari mysql ke /etc/init.d

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

7. buat soft link dari bin mysql

# ln -s /server/mysql/bin/ /usr/local/bin
# ln -s /server/mysql/bin/ /usr/bin
# ln -s /server/mysql/bin/ /bin

8. salin my.cnf ke /etc

# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

9. jalankan service

# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Starting MySQL. [ OK ]

10. test mysql

# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1 to server version: 4.1.11-max-log
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the buffer.
mysql>

11. Mysql Server telah terinstall secara benar
=======================================================================
Instalasi PHP

1. extrack paket php

# tar -xvzf /windows/punyarito/rito/buat\ di\ bakup/lamp/php-5.0.4.tar.gz

2. masuk kedirektori source php, kemudian lakukan kompilasi

# cd php-5.0.4/
# ./configure –prefix=/server/php –bindir=/usr/bin/ –sbindir=/usr/sbin/ –sysconfdir=/etc/php –with-apxs2=/usr/sbin/apxs –with-mod_charset –enable-force-cgi-redirect –with-config-file-path=/etc/php –with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php –enable-safe-mode –enable-magic-quotes –enable-libgcc –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-bcmath –with-bz2 –enable-calendar –with-jpeg-dir=/ –with-tiff-dir=/ –with-curlwrappers –enable-dio –enable-exif –with-fam –enable-filepro –enable-ftp –with-gd=/usr/ –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib-dir –with-xpm-dir –with-ttf –with-freetype-dir –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-gettext –enable-mbstring –disable-mbregex –with-mime-magic –with-mysql=/server/mysql/ –with-ncurses=/ –with-unixODBC=/ –with-pspell –enable-shmop –enable-sockets –enable-sysvmsg –enable-sysvsem –enable-sysvshm –enable-yp –enable-maintainer-zts –enable-memory-limit –enable-zend-multibyte –enable-shared –with-gnu-ld –with-pic –with-pgsql=/var/lib/pgsql/

# make
# make install

3. tambahkan script berikut setelah instalasi di httpd.conf

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

4. restart httpd

[root@asterix filedownload]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
Menghentikan httpd: [ OK ]
Memulai httpd:httpd: Could not determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[ OK ]

6. uji apakah php suedah terinstall, caranya dengan membuatkan script phpinfo.
contoh file:
more /server/httpd/htdocs/tes.php
kemudian buka di browser
http://localhost/tes.php

Setting Komponen dan Paket di Linux Ubuntu

2008-06-02T19:48:00.000-07:00

MENAMBAH REPOSITORIES BARU

Di terminal ketikan

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

tekan enter dan diikuti dengan

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Text Editor akan menjelaskan mengenai situs di mana ubuntu disambungkan untuk mendapatkan sumbernya. Anda ganti semuanya dengan berikut

## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.
# Ubuntu supported packages (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted
deb http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted
# Ubuntu supported packages (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb-src http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted
deb-src http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted
# Ubuntu community supported packages (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe multiverse
deb http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates universe multiverse
# Ubuntu community supported packages (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb-src http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe multiverse
deb-src http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse

Simpan file tersebut dan tutup Text Editor

Kemudian di terminal ketikan

sudo apt-get update

sumber-sumber lain di dalam ubuntu di komputer anda akan dikemas secara otomatis.Sekarang kita akan lanjutkan tutorial dengan pemasangan beberapa cara untuk mendapatkan file-file lain agar linux ubuntu dapat berfungsi baik di dalam komputer kita.

PEMASANGAN FONTS

sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts

PEMASANGAN PEMAIN MULTIMEDIA DAN CODECS

wget -c -o /tmp/w32codecs.deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/pool/main/w/w32codecs/w32codecs_20050412-0.4_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/w32codecs.deb
sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install lame sox ffmpeg mjpegtools mpg321 vorbis-tools
sudo apt-get install totem-xine libxine-extracodecs

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MEREFRESH GNOME KE SEMULA
(lakukan ini setiap kali anda pasang aplikasi baru)

killall gnome-panel
killall nautilus

PEMASANGAN MOZILLA-FIREFOX

sudo apt-get install mozilla-firefox

PEMASANGAN GNOME-BAKER (BURNING CD)

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

PEMASANGAN FLASH UNTUK FOREFOX

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

PEMASANGAN SUN JAVA

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin
sudo update-alternatives –config java

PEMASANGAN ADOBE AROBAT READER DENGAN PLUGIN UNTUK FIREFOX

sudo apt-get install acroread
sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins

PEMASANGAN GFTP

sudo apt-get install gftp-gtk

PEMASANGAN KINO (VIDEO EDITOR)

sudo apt-get install kino kinoplus kino-timfx kino-dvtitler

PEMASANGAN SKYPE

wget -c http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb
sudo dpkg -i skype_1.2.0.18-2_i386.deb (or the name of the file you downloaded)
sudo apt-get install alsa-oss

PEMASANGAN XMMS (MP3 Player)

sudo apt-get install xmms xmms-status-plugin xmms-skins

MENYAMBUNGKAN XMMS DENGAN SEMUA FAIL MP3/M3U/WAV

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e ’s/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g’ /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e ’s/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g’ /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e ’s/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g’ /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*

PEMASANGAN DOWNLOADER X (berfungsi seperti Flashget)

sudo apt-get install d4x

PEMASANGAN DVD PLAYER

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

PEMASANGAN NVU (Buat Editing HTML/PHP/ASP)

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop

Tuliskan diatasnya
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;//Nota: Ia tambahan dari cadangan sdra khaliszaim. terima kasih.

PEMASANGAN RAR (Uncompress File RAR)

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

MOUNTING UNTUK PARTITION FAT32

sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

MOUNTING UNTUK NTFS

sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

MOUNTING UNTUK CD/DVD

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

HAPUSKAN KETERANGAN “There are differences between Boot Sector and its backup”

sudo gedit /etc/fstab gantikan baris

/dev/hda1 /media/hda1 vfat defaults,utf8,umask=007,gid=46 0 1

dengan

/dev/hda1 /media/hda1 vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0
(dimana sebenarnya partition fat32 anda sama dgn di hda1 atau hda2)

BAGAIMANA UNTUK LOGIN SECARA AUTOMATIK DI GNOME

Pergi ke:
Security -> Automatic Login ->
Enable Automatic Login (Checked)
User: masukkan username

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENUKAR PERMISSION UNTUK FOLDER/FILE

Klik kanan pada folder atau filePilih PropertiesPermissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked permissions untuk Owner/Group/Others)

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENGGANTI KEPEMILIKAN FOLDER/FILE

sudo chown nama_user /lokasi_fail_atau_folder

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MELIHAT PARTITION TABLE

sudo fdisk -l

BAGAIMANA UNTUK CONFIGURE SETTING BROADBAND

sudo pppoeconf

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENAMPILKAN FILE DAN FOLDER TERSEMBUNYI

Ctrl + H

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MEMASANG FAIL .DEB

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

BAGAIMANA MENGGANTI FILE .RPM KEPADA .DEB

sudo alien package_file.rpm

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MEMASANG ANTIVIRUS CLAMAV

sudo apt-get install clamav

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENGUPDATE DATABASE ANTIVIRUS

sudo freshclam

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENGHAPUS FILE/FOLDER UNTUK VIRUS

sudo clamscan -r /lokasi_folder

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENGESET (PRINTER)

Klik System/Administration/Printing Pilih Add Printer

BAGAIMANA UNTUK MEMASANG SERVER MYSQL

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
mysqladmin -u root password letakkan_password

BAGAIMANA MEMASANG MYSQL ADMINISTRATOR

sudo apt-get install mysql-admin

BAGAIMANA MEMASANG SERVER APACHE

sudo apt-get install apache2

BAGAIMANA MEMASANG PHP UNTUK APACHE

sudo apt-get install php4
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo gedit /var/www/coba.php

Masukkan pernyataan berikut

dan simpan
Sekarang coba buka
http://localhost/coba.php

BAGAIMANA MEMASANG MYSQL UNTUK APACHE

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql
sudo apt-get install php4-mysql
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

BAGAIMANA UNTUK SETTING KAD BUNYI DENGAN BENAR

sudo killall esd
sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.confCari bahagian ini
…
auto_spawn=0
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5
…
gantikan dengan

auto_spawn=1
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d defaultSimpan file tersebut dan kemudian
sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0
sudo gedit /etc/asound.confMasukkan berikutpcm.card0 {
type hw
card 0
} pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm “dmixer”
}pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1025
slave {
pcm “hw:0,0″
period_time 0
period_size 2048
buffer_size 32768
rate 48000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}Simpan file tersebut diikuti dengansudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

Anda perlu tutup semua program aplikasi dan reboot komputer anda.

BAGAIMANA MEMASANG DHCP SERVER UNTUK ASSIGN I.P. SECARA AUTO

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
sudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server Cari baris ini…
INTERFACES=””
gantikan dengan

INTERFACES=”eth0″ Simpan file tersebut, kemudiansudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.confCari bahagian
…
# option definitions common to all supported networks…
option domain-name “example.org”;
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
… gantikan dengan ini# option definitions common to all supported networks…
#option domain-name “example.org”;
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
#default-lease-time 600;
#max-lease-time 7200;kemudian cari bahagian ini…# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name “internal.example.org”;
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}

…gantikan dengan # A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
option domain-name “tm.net.my”;
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;}

Simpan file tersebut.

Demikian tadi tutorial pemasangan scara manual untuk beberapa aplikasi dan setting komponen untuk Linux Ubuntu.

Data ini saya peroleh dari Sumber :

http://zulkiplyharun.com

linux command

2007-07-28T00:02:00.000-07:00

Index of the Linux BASH command line

alias    Create an alias
apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)
awk      Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
break    Exit from a loop
builtin  Run a shell builtin
bzip2    Compress or decompress named file(s)

cal      Display a calendar
case     Conditionally perform a command
cat      Display the contents of a file
cd       Change Directory
cfdisk   Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp    Change group ownership
chmod    Change access permissions
chown    Change file owner and group
chroot   Run a command with a different root directory
cksum    Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear    Clear terminal screen
cmp      Compare two files
comm     Compare two sorted files line by line
command  Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp       Copy one or more files to another location
cron     Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab  Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit   Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut      Divide a file into several parts

date     Display or change the date & time
dc       Desk Calculator
dd       Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
declare  Declare variables and give them attributes
df       Display free disk space
diff     Display the differences between two files
diff3    Show differences among three files
dig      DNS lookup
dir      Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname  Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs     Display list of remembered directories
du       Estimate file space usage

echo     Display message on screen
egrep    Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject    Eject removable media
enable   Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env      Environment variables
ethtool  Ethernet card settings
eval     Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec     Execute a command
exit     Exit the shell
expand   Convert tabs to spaces
export   Set an environment variable
expr     Evaluate expressions

false    Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk    Partition table manipulator for Linux
fgrep    Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
file     Determine file type
find     Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt      Reformat paragraph text
fold     Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for      Expand words, and execute commands
format   Format disks or tapes
free     Display memory usage
fsck     File system consistency check and repair
ftp      File Transfer Protocol
function Define Function Macros

gawk     Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts  Parse positional parameters
grep     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups   Print group names a user is in
gzip     Compress or decompress named file(s)

hash     Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head     Output the first part of file(s)
history  Command History
hostname Print or set system name

id       Print user and group id's
if       Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig Configure a network interface
import   Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install  Copy files and set attributes

join     Join lines on a common field

kill     Stop a process from running

less     Display output one screen at a time
let      Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln       Make links between files
local    Create variables
locate   Find files
logname  Print current login name
logout   Exit a login shell
look     Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc      Line printer control program
lpr      Off line print
lprint   Print a file
lprintd  Abort a print job
lprintq  List the print queue
lprm     Remove jobs from the print queue
ls       List information about file(s)
lsof     List open files

make     Recompile a group of programs
man      Help manual
mkdir    Create new folder(s)
mkfifo   Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod    Make block or character special files
more     Display output one screen at a time
mount    Mount a file system
mtools   Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv       Move or rename files or directories

netstat  Networking information
nice     Set the priority of a command or job
nl       Number lines and write files
nohup    Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively

passwd   Modify a user password
paste    Merge lines of files
pathchk  Check file name portability
ping     Test a network connection
popd     Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr       Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf   Format and print data
ps       Process status
pushd    Save and then change the current directory
pwd      Print Working Directory

quota    Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas

ram      ram disk device
rcp      Copy files between two machines.
read     read a line from standard input
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
return   Exit a shell function
rm       Remove files
rmdir    Remove folder(s)
rsync    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

screen   Terminal window manager
scp      Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff    Merge two files interactively
sed      Stream Editor
select   Accept keyboard input
seq      Print numeric sequences
set      Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp     Secure File Transfer Program
shift    Shift positional parameters
shopt    Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep    Delay for a specified time
sort     Sort text files
source   Run commands from a file `.'
split    Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh      Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace   Trace system calls and signals
su       Substitute user identity
sum      Print a checksum for a file
symlink  Make a new name for a file
sync     Synchronize data on disk with memory

tail     Output the last part of files
tar      Tape ARchiver
tee      Redirect output to multiple files
test     Evaluate a conditional expression
time     Measure Program running time
times    User and system times
touch    Change file timestamps
top      List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true     Do nothing, successfully
tsort    Topological sort
tty      Print filename of terminal on stdin
type     Describe a command

ulimit   Limit user resources
umask    Users file creation mask
umount   Unmount a device
unalias  Remove an alias
uname    Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq     Uniquify files
units    Convert units from one scale to another
unset    Remove variable or function names
unshar   Unpack shell archive scripts
until    Execute commands (until error)
useradd  Create new user account
usermod  Modify user account
users    List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode

v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi       Text Editor

watch    Execute/display a program periodically
wc       Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis  Report all known instances of a command   
which    Locate a program file in the user's path.
while    Execute commands
who      Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
Wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP

xargs    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes      Print a string until interrupted

.period  Run commands from a file
###      Comment / Remark